如何把小说由懵懵懂懂变得思路清晰
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如何把小说由懵懵懂懂变得思路清晰

如何把小说由懵懵懂懂变得思路清晰

  对于很多备考以及参加过SSAT的学生来说,阅读似乎永远是最难的坎儿!


  词汇数学,学习的道路似乎还是比较明朗的,只要大家肯努力!


  但是阅读,尤其是阅读中的小说诗歌,很多同学即使在进行了大量阅读后仍然感觉自己像个丈二和尚一样在阅读里摸不清思路!


  那么今天我们就来说一下如何把小说的思路由阅读完之后的懵懵懂懂变得清晰可见!


  一、带着小说的核心要素去归纳整理信息


  很多同学都是“僵尸”式阅读,麻木的看句子,仿佛在做阅读例句!完全没有思考没有目的性!等到一篇文章阅读完毕了,可能就对最简单的句子还有点印象!至于整体概括,大脑早是一片黑!


  因此,我们要求大家在阅读时要带着小说的构成要素去读,大家都知道小说的主要元素:


  setting(背景)


  character(人物)


  conflict(矛盾)


  resolution(矛盾的解决)


  例:


  Their house was small, for the lumber to build it had to be carried by wagon many miles. There were four walls, a floor and a roof, which made one room; and this room contained a rusty looking cookstove, a cupboard for the dishes, a table, three or four chairs, and the beds. Uncle Henry and Aunt Em had a big bed in one corner, and Dorothy a little bed in another corner.


  Uncle Henry never laughed. He worked hard from morning till night and did not know what joy was. He was gray also, from his long beard to his rough boots, and he looked stern and solemn, and rarely spoke.


  It was Toto that made Dorothy laugh, and saved her from growing as gray as her other surroundings. Toto was not gray; he was a little black dog, with long silky hair and small black eyes that twinkled merrily on either side of his funny, wee nose. Toto played all day long, and Dorothy played with him, and loved him dearly.


  以上选自OZ的这三段中,第一段通过house,wall, room等这些词我们可以很明确的看出这是setting 部分的介绍。二三段主要描述人物的性格很明显是character。


  因此这三段我们可以划分为:


  (1)setting(2)character。


  在读的过程中能够将文章进行模块划分!这样阅读完就能在大脑中对该篇小说有个清晰的框架结构!


  二、各大元素的细节信息要到位


  等我们把信息归类好了,这样只是对文章的思路比较清晰,要想有透彻的理解,还要将每一块的细节信息要理解,即作者通过怎么样的描述将这一模块的特征体现出来!


  比如:


  上述文章中的setting中描述的small house,cookstove,cupboard, table,bed这些细节描述的暗示得知家庭比较贫穷。


  通过never laugh,work from morning to night,stern and solemn, rarely spoke.这些细节的描述得知Uncle Henry是一个比较沉闷,单调的人。而laugh,play all the day, love him 这些字眼让我们看到Dorothy与Uncle完全相反的一面。Dorothy乐观,富有活力和爱心。这里两个人物性格的差异也暗示了人物间的conflict。


  这样以来我们就能够清晰的描述出上文的结构


  setting:


  small house,cookstove,cupboard, table,bed暗示 得知家庭比较贫穷。


  Character:


  Uncle Henry never laugh 一个比较沉闷,单调的人


  Dorothy play with the dog that makes him laugh


  乐观,富有活力和爱心。


  Conflict:


  人物的性格差异。


  综合这两大步骤,我们在阅读完一篇小说后才会感觉自己收是思路清晰且信息满满!而不是“僵尸”式的一片空白!


  此外,在考试中小说部分主要是针对小说核心元素的考察点,大脑中形成这样的框架可帮助我们在做题时迅速定位。同时,考察最多的细节题,也可以轻松应对!


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